Karim Eldefrawy

Cryptography, Cybersecurity, Privacy Computer Science

Co-founder & CTO of Confidencial.io
2017–early 2023: SRI (Internet Origin)
2011–2016: HRL (Part of IBM Research)
2006–2010: PhD@UC Irvine

Scientific curiosity

AI-assisted scientific knowledge presentation · experimental

Scientific Knowledge Maps

Explore the research as a landscape: five areas, the topics and papers within them, and selected intellectual lineages connecting earlier ideas to this body of work. The complete paper-by-paper catalog remains available below.

Research landscape

Five connected areas of work

Select one of the five primary areas, or an overlapping cross-cutting collection, to see its themes and related research.

Research program 79 mapped papers

Methods & Foundations

Core computational and mathematical methods used to construct, analyze, and reason about secure and intelligent systems.

Security Domains

Security and privacy objectives studied in identity, communication, devices, networks, cloud platforms, and distributed infrastructure.

Cross-cutting collections

Themes that span the five primary areas

These collections overlap the area map. Membership is curated explicitly rather than inferred from a keyword match.

Selected intellectual lineages

Foundations → collaborators → ideas → Karim’s work

The first lane records historical and intellectual foundations—not personal collaboration. In the collaborator view, people connect only to papers they coauthored; papers connect separately to their research ideas.

Living Knowledge Map. This is a subjective, point-in-time view and may contain unintentional omissions. Other collaborators, influences, ideas, works, and connections will continue to be reviewed and added as the map evolves.

Ideas map

Foundations & influences

    Collaborators & co-authors

      Research ideas

        Karim’s work

          People
          • Direct collaborator
          • Historical / intellectual influence; no collaboration
          Connections
          • Direct research connection
          • Uses
          • Conceptual lineage

          Select a foundational scientist, collaborator, idea, paper, or patent to follow its connections.

          Historical and foundational scientists mark intellectual lineage only; Karim has not collaborated with them. People marked as direct collaborators are documented co-authors. Dashed lineage links are deliberately broader than direct paper-topic links, and foundation notes identify shared frameworks without treating them as each paper’s topic. This is a living, subjective, point-in-time knowledge map. It may contain unintentional omissions, and additional collaborators, influences, ideas, works, and connections will be reviewed and added as the map evolves. The collaborators view uses publication authorship on this site for direct-collaboration anchors. Conceptual-lineage links record broader research influence identified by Karim; they do not imply that every downstream paper was coauthored with the connected person. Karim has not collaborated with the scientists in the foundational lane. Blue solid cards mark documented co-authors; pale-blue dashed cards mark historical or intellectual influence only.

          How to read the maps

          Several depths, one inspectable record

          For people

          Hierarchical maps replace a single linear reading path with collapsible branches for claims, methods, evidence, limitations, artifacts, and scrutiny.

          For agents

          The same record is available as JSON with stable identifiers, typed relations, source anchors, provenance, and explicit epistemic status.

          For honest uncertainty

          Six dimensions remain separate. Missing evidence is visible, assumptions qualify claims, and no single score is presented as truth or correctness.

          The six dimensions

          A profile, not a verdict

          Epistemic evidence
          How directly and rigorously the work's important claims are supported, including the scope and limits of that support.
          Auditability
          Whether readers can inspect the paper's evidence, artifacts, assumptions, and validation path.
          Production provenance
          How clearly the human, AI, tool, revision, and approval process that produced the work is documented.
          External scrutiny
          The breadth and independence of review, reproduction, criticism, correction, or adversarial examination.
          Reception
          Dated evidence of independent use, extension, discussion, replication, teaching, or research lineage.
          Contribution significance
          The degree to which the work adds a first-of-kind capability, resolves an important problem, changes a belief, or opens a research direction.

          Auditability follows the paper resources represented on this site: High when a publicly inspectable full-text copy is linked through an archive or author-hosted route, Medium when only official publication metadata is linked, and Low when no paper-specific resource is represented. A High rating means the paper can be inspected; it does not by itself establish artifact completeness, exact version correspondence, or independent reproduction.

          Production provenance defaults to Medium when named authorship and publication or review status establish a baseline lifecycle trail. That default remains provisional when contributor roles, revision and effort history, AI or tool use, artifact-version lineage, or explicit final approval have not been audited.

          Reception uses a dated, reproducible citation snapshot: Low for 0–8 located citations, Medium for 9–10, and High for 11 or more. Each paper records the count, source or search method, date, and coverage limits. This is a time-dependent attention signal, not evidence that the paper is correct.

          Contribution significance captures first-of-kind capabilities, breakthroughs, and important resolutions without conflating them with correctness, reception, or scrutiny.

          Contribution types are a separate controlled vocabulary: protocol for interactive procedures, primitive for foundational security functionality, scheme for algorithm/interface families, and algorithm for non-interactive computational procedures. Multiple types may apply.

          Complete catalog

          All 79 paper maps

          Every publication has a stable map and six-axis profile. Each record exposes its source scope, review status, evidence, limitations, and artifacts directly. Source-linked status describes inspectability; it is not a correctness or importance ranking.

          Methods & Foundations

          Secure Computation, Secret Sharing & Encrypted Computation 25

          1. Challenges in Timed Cryptography: A Position Paper (Full Paper) Karim Eldefrawy, Ben Terner, and Moti Yung 2025 · Full version · under review
            AI map draft
          2. Multi-Party Time-Lock Puzzles: Quorum-Controlled Delays Without a Single Point of Failure Karim Eldefrawy, Sashidhar Jakkamsetti, Ben Terner, and Moti Yung 2025 · Published protocol · primitive
            AI map draft
          3. Challenges in Timed-Cryptography: A Position Paper (Short Paper) Karim Eldefrawy, Ben Terner, and Moti Yung 2024 · Published · short paper
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          4. Composing Timed Cryptographic Protocols: Foundations and Applications Karim Eldefrawy, Ben Terner, and Moti Yung 2024 · Preprint · under review
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          5. On the Hardness of Scheme-Switching Between SIMD FHE Schemes Karim Eldefrawy, Nicholas Genise, and Nathan Manohar 2023 · Published
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          6. Communication-Efficient Proactive MPC for Dynamic Groups with Dishonest Majorities Karim Eldefrawy, Tancrède Lepoint, and Antonin Leroux 2022 · Published protocol
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          7. CraterLake: A Hardware Accelerator for Efficient Unbounded Computation on Encrypted Data Nikola Samardzic, Axel Feldmann, Aleksandar Krastev, Nathan Manohar, Nicholas Genise, Srinivas Devadas, Karim Eldefrawy, Chris Peikert, and Daniel Sánchez 2022 · Published algorithm
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          8. On Regenerating Codes and Proactive Secret Sharing: Relationships and Implications Karim Eldefrawy, Nicholas Genise, Rutuja Kshirsagar, and Moti Yung 2021 · Published
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          9. Machine-Checked ZKP for NP Relations: Formally Verified Security Proofs and Implementations of MPC-in-the-Head José Carlos Bacelar Almeida, Manuel Barbosa, Manuel L. Correia, Karim Eldefrawy, Stéphane Graham-Lengrand, Hugo Pacheco, and Vitor Pereira 2021 · Published protocol · algorithm
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          10. F1: A Fast and Programmable Accelerator for Fully Homomorphic Encryption (Extended Version) Axel Feldmann, Nikola Samardzic, Aleksandar Krastev, Srini Devadas, Ronald G. Dreslinski, Karim Eldefrawy, Nicholas Genise, Chris Peikert, and Daniel Sánchez 2021 · Extended version of the MICRO 2021 paper algorithm
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          11. Communication-Efficient Proactive Secret Sharing for Dynamic Groups with Dishonest Majorities Karim Eldefrawy, Tancrède Lepoint, and Antonin Leroux 2020 · Published protocol · scheme
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          12. Communication-Efficient (Proactive) Secure Computation for Dynamic General Adversary Structures and Dynamic Groups Karim Eldefrawy, Seoyeon Hwang, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Moti Yung 2020 · Published protocol
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          13. A High-Assurance Evaluator for Machine-Checked Secure Multiparty Computation Karim Eldefrawy and Vitor Pereira 2019 · Published protocol · scheme
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          14. Proactive Secure Multiparty Computation with a Dishonest Majority Karim Eldefrawy, Rafail Ostrovsky, Sunoo Park, and Moti Yung 2018 · Published protocol
            AI map draft
          15. Theoretical Foundations for Mobile Target Defense: Proactive Secret Sharing and Secure Multiparty Computation Karim Eldefrawy, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Moti Yung 2018 · Published · book chapter protocol · scheme
            AI map draft
          16. Brief Announcement: Secure Self-Stabilizing Computation Shlomi Dolev, Karim Eldefrawy, Juan Garay, Muni Venkateswarlu Kumaramangalam, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Moti Yung 2017 · Published · brief announcement protocol · algorithm
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          17. Brief Announcement: Proactive Secret Sharing with a Dishonest Majority Shlomi Dolev, Karim Eldefrawy, Joshua Lampkins, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Moti Yung 2016 · Published · brief announcement protocol · scheme
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          18. Proactive Secret Sharing with a Dishonest Majority Shlomi Dolev, Karim Eldefrawy, Joshua Lampkins, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Moti Yung 2016 · Published protocol · scheme
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          19. Communication-Optimal Proactive Secret Sharing for Dynamic Groups Joshua Baron, Karim Eldefrawy, Joshua Lampkins, and Rafail Ostrovsky 2015 · Published protocol · scheme
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          20. How to Withstand Mobile Virus Attacks, Revisited Joshua Baron, Karim Eldefrawy, Joshua Lampkins, and Rafail Ostrovsky 2014 · Published protocol · scheme
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          21. Founding Digital Currency on Secure Computation Karim Eldefrawy and Joshua Lampkins 2014 · Published protocol
            Abstract-grounded map
          22. Blindfolded Data Search via Secure Pattern Matching Karim Eldefrawy and Sky Faber 2013 · Published · magazine article
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          23. 5PM: Secure Pattern Matching Joshua Baron, Karim Eldefrawy, Kirill Minkovich, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Eric Tressler 2013 · Published · journal article protocol · primitive
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          24. 5PM: Secure Pattern Matching Joshua Baron, Karim Eldefrawy, Kirill Minkovich, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Eric Tressler 2012 · Published · conference version protocol · primitive
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          25. Decomposable MPC with Security Against Malicious Adversaries Kelong Cong, Karim Eldefrawy, Ben Terner, and Titouan Tanguy Under review
            AI map draft

          AI & Machine Learning 3

          1. Abstract-grounded map
          2. Automated Inference of Dependencies of Network Services and Applications via Transfer Entropy Karim Eldefrawy, Tiffany Kim, and Pape M. Sylla 2016 · Published algorithm
            Abstract-grounded map
          3. Harvesting SSL Certificate Data to Identify Web-Fraud Mishari Al Mishari, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Karim Eldefrawy, and Gene Tsudik 2012 · Published · journal article algorithm
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          Algorithms & Foundations 11

          1. Boosting the Performance of High-Assurance Cryptography: Parallel Execution and Optimizing Memory Access in Formally Verified Line-Point Zero-Knowledge Samuel Dittmer, Karim Eldefrawy, Stéphane Graham-Lengrand, Steve Lu, Rafail Ostrovsky, and Vitor Pereira 2023 · Published algorithm
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          2. How Byzantine Is a Send Corruption? Karim Eldefrawy, Julian Loss, and Ben Terner 2022 · Published
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          3. Optimizing Registration Based Encryption Kelong Cong, Karim Eldefrawy, and Nigel P. Smart 2021 · Published scheme
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          4. Quantum Optimization Heuristics with an Application to Knapsack Problems Wim van Dam, Karim Eldefrawy, Nicholas Genise, and Natalie Parham 2021 · Published algorithm
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          5. Efficient, Reusable Fuzzy Extractors from LWE Daniel Apon, Chongwon Cho, Karim Eldefrawy, and Jonathan Katz 2017 · Published primitive · scheme
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          6. Neighborhood Watch: On Network Coding Throughput and Key Sharing Martin Strohmeier, Ivan Martinovic, Utz Roedig, Karim Eldefrawy, and Jens Schmitt 2013 · Published algorithm
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          7. Link-Layer Encryption Effect on Achievable Capacity in Wireless Network Coding Claude Castelluccia, Karim Eldefrawy, and Gene Tsudik 2010 · Published · workshop paper
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          8. Filtering Sources of Unwanted Traffic Based on Blacklists Fabio Soldo, Karim Eldefrawy, Athina Markopoulou, Bala Krishnamurthy, and Kobus van der Merwe 2008 · Published · workshop paper algorithm
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          9. Optimal Filtering for DDoS Attacks Karim Eldefrawy, Athina Markopoulou, and Katerina Argyraki 2007 · Published · workshop paper algorithm
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          10. Sub-Carrier Allocation Using Channel Prediction for OFDMA Systems Based on IEEE 802.16 Standard Karim Eldefrawy, Mohamed M. Khairy, and Amin Nassar 2006 · Published algorithm
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          11. Towards Further Realizing Random Oracles: Post-Quantum Non-Malleable Point Obfuscation Daniel Apon, Chongwon Cho, Karim Eldefrawy, Feng-Hao Liu, and Rafail Ostrovsky Ongoing work
            AI map draft

          Security Domains

          Privacy & Identity 17

          1. Private Identity-Based Bulletin Boards for Anonymous Messaging and Other Online Services (Regular Academic Track Paper) Karim Eldefrawy, Stanislaw Jarecki, Benjamin Terner, and Gene Tsudik 2026 · Under review protocol · scheme
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          2. The Key Lattice Framework for Concurrent Group Messaging Kelong Cong, Karim Eldefrawy, Nigel P. Smart, and Ben Terner 2024 · Published protocol
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          3. Traffic Analysis by Adversaries with Partial Visibility Iness Ben Guirat, Claudia Díaz, Karim Eldefrawy, and Hadas Zeilberger 2023 · Published · proceedings issued in 2024 algorithm
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          4. Short Concurrent Covert Authenticated Key Exchange (Short cAKE) Karim Eldefrawy, Nicholas Genise, and Stanislaw Jarecki 2023 · Published protocol
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          5. In-App Cryptographically-Enforced Selective Access Control for Microsoft Office and Similar Platforms Karim Eldefrawy, Tancrède Lepoint, and Laura Tam 2022 · Published scheme
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          6. SNUSE: A Secure Computation Approach for Large-Scale User Re-Enrollment in Biometric Authentication Systems Ivan De Oliveira Nunes, Karim Eldefrawy, and Tancrède Lepoint 2019 · Published · journal article protocol
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          7. Secure Non-Interactive User Re-Enrollment in Biometrics-Based Identification and Authentication Systems Ivan De Oliveira Nunes, Karim Eldefrawy, and Tancrède Lepoint 2018 · Published · conference version protocol
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          8. Disincentivizing/Incentivizing Malicious/Honest Behavior on the Internet via Privacy-Preserving AppCoins Karim Eldefrawy and Joshua Lampkins 2014 · Published protocol · scheme
            AI map draft
          9. Secure and Privacy-Preserving Querying of Content in MANETs Karim Eldefrawy and Gavin Holland 2012 · Published protocol
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          10. ALARM: Anonymous Location-Aided Routing in Suspicious MANETs Karim Eldefrawy and Gene Tsudik 2011 · Published · journal article protocol
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          11. Privacy-Preserving Location-Based On-Demand Routing in MANETs Karim Eldefrawy and Gene Tsudik 2011 · Published · journal article protocol
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          12. Attacks on Physical-Layer Identification Boris Danev, Heinrich Luecken, Srdjan Čapkun, and Karim Eldefrawy 2010 · Published
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          13. Leveraging Social Contacts for Message Confidentiality in Delay Tolerant Networks Karim Eldefrawy, John Solis, and Gene Tsudik 2009 · Published scheme
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          14. PRISM: Privacy-Friendly Routing in Suspicious MANETs (and VANETs) Karim Eldefrawy and Gene Tsudik 2008 · Published protocol
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          15. ALARM: Anonymous Location-Aided Routing in Suspicious MANETs Karim Eldefrawy and Gene Tsudik 2007 · Published protocol
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          16. PEUC-WiN: Privacy Enhancement by User Cooperation in Wireless Networks Karim Eldefrawy and Claudio Soriente 2006 · Published · workshop paper protocol
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          17. PRISM: PRivacy-Preserving Intrusion-Resilient Secure Multiparty-Computation-Based Messaging Overlay Linda Briesemeister, Karim Eldefrawy, Bob Haley, Tim McCarthy, and Ben Terner Ongoing work protocol
            AI map draft

          Secure Systems & Networks 23

          1. Entanglement-Based Mutual Quantum Distance Bounding Aysajan Abidin, Karim Eldefrawy, and Dave Singelée 2024 · Published protocol
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          2. Towards Automated Augmentation and Instrumentation of Legacy Cryptographic Executables Karim Eldefrawy, Michael E. Locasto, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Hassen Saïdi 2020 · Published algorithm
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          3. APEX: A Verified Architecture for Proofs of Execution on Remote Devices Under Full Software Compromise Ivan De Oliveira Nunes, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2020 · Published protocol · primitive
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          4. PURE: Using Verified Remote Attestation to Obtain Proofs of Update, Reset and Erasure in Low-End Embedded Systems Ivan De Oliveira Nunes, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2019 · Published protocol
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          5. Source-linked map
          6. Longitudinal Analysis of Misuse of Bitcoin Karim Eldefrawy, Ashish Gehani, and Alexandre Matton 2019 · Published algorithm
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          7. VRASED: A Verified Hardware/Software Co-Design for Remote Attestation Ivan De Oliveira Nunes, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, Michael Steiner, and Gene Tsudik 2019 · Published protocol
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          8. Security Threats, Defenses, and Recommended Practices for Enterprise Mobility Karim Eldefrawy and Vincent Sritapan 2018 · Published · public full text not located
            AI map draft
          9. BlockCIS: A Blockchain-Based Cyber Insurance System Tancrède Lepoint, Gabriela F. Ciocarlie, and Karim Eldefrawy 2018 · Published protocol
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          10. Temporal Consistency of Integrity-Ensuring Computations and Applications to Embedded Systems Security Xavier Carpent, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2018 · Published protocol · scheme
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          11. Reconciling Remote Attestation and Safety-Critical Operation on Simple IoT Devices Xavier Carpent, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi, and Gene Tsudik 2018 · Published · invited paper protocol
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          12. Lightweight Swarm Attestation: A Tale of Two LISA-s Xavier Carpent, Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2017 · Published protocol
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          13. Proactively Secure Cloud-Enabled Storage Karim Eldefrawy, Sky Faber, and Tyler Kaczmarek 2017 · Published protocol
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          14. HYDRA: Hybrid Design for Remote Attestation Using a Formally Verified Microkernel Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2017 · Published protocol
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          15. Fusing Hybrid Remote Attestation with a Formally Verified Microkernel: Lessons Learned Karim Eldefrawy, Norrathep Rattanavipanon, and Gene Tsudik 2017 · Published · experience paper protocol
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          16. Byzantine Fault Tolerant Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Controllers Karim Eldefrawy and Tyler Kaczmarek 2016 · Published protocol
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          17. Remote Attestation of Heterogeneous Cyber-Physical Systems: The Automotive Use Case Karim Eldefrawy, Gavin Holland, and Gene Tsudik 2015 · Published · extended abstract
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          18. An Architecture for a Resilient Cloud Computing Infrastructure Joshua Baron, Karim Eldefrawy, Aleksey Nogin, and Rafail Ostrovsky 2013 · Published protocol
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          19. SMART: Secure and Minimal Architecture for (Establishing a Dynamic) Root of Trust Karim Eldefrawy, Aurélien Francillon, Daniele Perito, and Gene Tsudik 2012 · Published primitive
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          20. Group Distance Bounding Protocols (Short Paper) Srdjan Čapkun, Karim Eldefrawy, and Gene Tsudik 2011 · Published · short paper protocol · primitive
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          21. Incentive-Based Cooperative and Secure Inter-Personal Networking Karim Eldefrawy, Magda El Zarki, and Gene Tsudik 2007 · Published · workshop paper
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          22. BotTorrent: Misusing BitTorrent to Launch DDoS Attacks Karim Eldefrawy, Minas Gjoka, and Athina Markopoulou 2007 · Published · workshop paper
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          23. Proposal for a Cross-Layer Coordination Framework for Next Generation Wireless Systems Karim Eldefrawy, Magda El Zarki, and Mohamed M. Khairy 2006 · Published protocol
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          Machine-readable index of all 79 paper entries · Machine-readable index of deep knowledge maps